Ps.
Juan V. Gallardo Cuneo
Director.
INDEPSI
" Hungary,
so intimately connected to Austria from the geographic
point of view and also scientifically, has not
contributed to us more than with a single collaborator:
S. Ferenczi; but he alone, is worth by a whole
association " (Freud, 1914, p. 1911).
Introduction
Presenting
the biography of Sándor Ferenczi, the so
called " enfant terrible" of the psychoanalysis,
is to try to make one present of the spirits clearest
and cleverest of the first generation of psychoanalysts
and, simultaneously, to offer a clear example of
how extra-psychotherapeutic factors are intermingled,
interfering with, and distorting the development
of the psycotherapy due to the inevitable conflicts
of interests and power of its actors. On the other
hand, speak about him, is to invariably make a
reference of how the passage of time places the
true theoretical-clinical contributions beyond
the possible conjunctural contingencies in which
the knowledge of the psychological theory is developed.
This
fecund analyst, of whom it has been told he was
most clinical of all the analysts of the First
Generation and it has been recognized as an extraordinary
therapist, promoted among his colleagues the defense
of gay's rights who had been marginalized and persecuted
in Europe in the early twenty century, and was
also one of the first analyst who speak about the
relationship between homosexuality and paranoia.
Founder and ex-president of the International Psychoanalytic
Association IPA in 1918, he had a preponderant
role in the formulation of Trainning Programs for
non-medical psychoanalysts, and in the proposition
of a higher flexibility and " active intervention" of
therapists (pleading to avoid the use of the " technical
neutrality " which in his view could be a
refuge of passive aggression fed by coldness and
cruelty). Also he did a significant contribution
to the understanding of infantile sexual abuse
victims.(Stanton, 1990).
His
innovations in different areas of psychoanalysis,
his writings plain of clever clinical observations,
his proposal of integrate biological and psychological
considerations, the emphasis in the importance
of the therapist as a "person " and the
counterpransference as a technical parameter,his
notion of the " language of the tenderness
and the passion ", and his development about
the use of the "utraquism" and the Bioanálisis,
just to mention a few aspects of his work, invites
to replace Sándor Ferenczi in the right
status he deservesin the psychoanalytic concert.
" original,
audacious and creative, cautious spirit enough
to preserve himself from other's dogmatism and
preserve, in his way, a complete autonomy of thought
and action, Ferenczi created a work that appears
nowadays like one of the most attractive works
psychoanalysis has inspired, since, animated by
a permanent creative imagination, imagination often
populated with a true poetic and epic blowing,
it is constantly crossed by the flashing intuitions
of his author " (Bokanowski, 1997, p.5).
Owner
of a rare common talent as therapist, Ferenczi
who received the most complex cases sent to him
by other analysts of its time, was dedicated to
cure which at the present time we would call: serious
character perturbations, " narcisistic personality ", "borderline
structures" an/or bordeline patients. Operating
in the limit in which the technical parameters
of the traditional method failed, his techique
was slowly changing towards a technical and theoretical
consideration which sent the bases of a deep theoretical
divergence between him and Freud, very badly understood
until today. Ferenczi proposes such a renovation
and mutation of the psychoterapeutic parameters
that " inaugurate a turn in the history of
certain key concepts of psychoanalysis, which nowadays,
are used for most of all the psychoanalysts in
theory as well as in their practice " (op.cit.
p. 6).; he initiates the exploration of psychic
regions beyond the edipic complex, the symbolism,
and tries to explain the orignal split capacity
of the mind.
His
work explore contents such as: the concept of " primitive " introyection
and projection; the regression in the psychoanalytic
cure; the importance of the countertransference
in the analytic process, and the need of the analyst
self-analysis (second " fundamental rule " of
the analysis). Also he emphasizes the importance
in some patients of the need to establish a primitive
symbiotic relation, and to pay attention to the
precocious mother-son ghosts, the maternal psychic
traces, and metapsycholical problems derived from
this relationships. He makes important distinctions
between the traumatism, the traumatic and the trauma;
between the I and the narcisistic self as a result
of precocious psychic traumatisms; and between
the thoughts and the body . At the same time, he
emphasizes the importance in some cases, about
the need of the subject to be recognized as a person
who suffered the disqualification of his feelings,
and who had been living in a patologic enviroment
(" maternal madness "); and the importance
of the primary love and primary hate, understanding
hate as a way to link the subject to his objects
that is harder than the power of love to the same
thing (the love of hate); and the problems of the
psychoanalytic cure; among other subjects (ibid).
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